About Exploding Head Syndrome
The exact disease causes of Exploding Head Syndrome (EHS) are still unclear, but researchers have proposed several theories. These include abnormal neuron activity and minor seizures in the temporal lobe, as well as dysfunction in the middle ear. Other potential causes may be related to migraine aura or stopping certain medications for depression and anxiety.
Non-modifiable risk factors for EHS are factors that cannot be changed or controlled. These include history of insomnia and increased stress levels have been associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing EHS. Additionally, it was previously believed to be more common in females over the age of 50, but recent research suggests it can occur in college students as well.
Modifiable risk factors for EHS are factors that can be influenced or changed. These include extreme fatigue and high levels of stress. These factors may increase the frequency or severity of episodes. Practicing relaxation techniques and meditation may help reduce stress levels and improve sleep quality.
The most common early symptom of EHS is hearing a loud noise as you fall asleep or when you wake up. This noise may resemble an explosion or crash and can be quite startling. Other common symptoms that may occur with later stages, progression, or higher severity of EHS include:
- Muscle spasms or electric-like sensations accompanying the noise
- Waking up with a rapid heart rate or difficulty breathing
- Intense fear or agitation after the event
- Sweating, fearfulness, agitation, or anxiety
- Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Daytime fatigue
- Mild memory impairment
It's important to note that episodes ofEHS can happen once or multiple times during the night but usually stop when a person is fully awake. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's best to consult with a primary health professional, neurologist, or sleep medicine doctor for proper diagnosis and guidance.
To diagnose EHS, doctors typically perform the following examinations, tests, and procedures:
- Detailed description: Your doctor will ask for a detailed description of your noise attacks, including the type of sound and when it occurs (while falling asleep or waking up).
- Medical history: Your doctor will inquire about any other medical conditions you may have, such as sleep apnea, insomnia, or parasomnia. They will also ask about any medications you are taking.
- Sleep study (polysomnography): This study is conducted while you sleep and helps identify various sleep disorders, including EHS. It measures brain waves, muscle activity, heart rate, and eye movements.
- Additional tests: Your doctor may order blood tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or electroencephalogram (EEG) to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may be causing your symptoms.
To determine the stage or severity of EHS, there are currently no specific additional examinations or tests available. Diagnosis is primarily based on your description of symptoms rather than diagnostic tests.
It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
The goals of treatment for EHS are to reduce the frequency and intensity of episodes, improve sleep quality, and alleviate associated anxiety or distress. Here are the various treatment options and how they work:
Medication Types:
- Anticonvulsants: These medications help regulate neurological activity and may reduce the occurrence of EHS episodes.
- Tricyclic antidepressants: These drugs can influence brain chemicals involved in pain perception and sleep, potentially reducing EHS symptoms.
- Calcium channel blockers: These medications may help by stabilizing calcium levels in the brain, potentially reducing EHS episodes.
Therapies:
- Relaxation and meditation: These techniques can promote overall relaxation, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality, potentially alleviating EHS symptoms.
- Stress reduction counseling and psychotherapy: These therapies address underlying stress or anxiety that may contribute to EHS episodes.
Health Behavior Changes:
- Changes in sleep routine: Establishing a consistent sleep schedule, practicing good sleep hygiene, and creating a relaxing bedtime routine can improve overall sleep quality and potentially reduce EHS occurrences.
Other Treatments:
- Reassurance: Knowing that EHS is generally harmless can alleviate anxiety and reduce the likelihood of experiencing more episodes.
It's important to note that there are no formal treatment guidelines for EHS due to its rarity. Individualized treatment plans should be discussed with a healthcare professional. Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your healthcare professional about dosing for your individual situation. Other side effects can occur. Check with your healthcare professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.