How COVID-19 Impacts People with Lung Disease
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that can have a significant impact on people who have lung disease. Although most people who get COVID-19 will have mild illness, people with chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung diseases are at higher risk for developing severe illness and complications leading to hospitalization. The virus that causes COVID-19, known as SARS-CoV-2, infects the cells along the airways and can cause inflammation in the lungs. This inflammation can result in respiratory symptoms, such as difficulty breathing. In severe cases, COVID-19 may even lead to scarring in the lungs, which can cause lung stiffness and reduce oxygen levels in the bloodstream.
Individuals with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary hypertension are at an increased risk of poor health outcomes and severe COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, those with lung cancer have a higher risk of death from COVID-19 compared to those without lung cancer.
To prevent lung complications from COVID-19, it is important for individuals to take steps to reduce their risk of contracting the virus. This includes:
- Staying up to date on COVID-19 vaccines, including vaccination with updated vaccines when they become available
- Avoiding contact with people who have confirmed or suspected COVID-19
- Washing hands frequently
- Wearing masks or practicing physical distancing when necessary
It is also important for individuals to take care of their overall lung health by:
- Getting regular exercise
- Not smoking or quitting smoking
- Reducing exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution
- Managing any preexisting lung conditions
It is crucial for people with lung conditions who are exposed to someone with COVID-19 or who develop COVID-19 symptoms to seek medical attention. The healthcare provider can provide guidance on testing, interpreting results and, if needed, initiating self-care measures and treatment that can help reduce the risk of severe COVID-19. It is always recommended for people with chronic diseases or taking other medications to ask their doctor about specific home remedies or over-the-counter medications before trying them.