Mumps and Fertility
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that most often causes swelling and pain in the salivary glands near the cheek and jaw. Mumps can cause or increase the risk of infertility in males. When a person gets infected with the mumps virus, it can lead to a condition called orchitis, which is inflammation of the testicles. Orchitis can result in a decrease in testicular size, also known as testicular atrophy. This inflammation and atrophy can have negative effects on male fertility.
The mumps virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. Once the virus enters the body, it can cause painful symptoms such as swelling of the parotid glands (located near the jaw) and orchitis in infected males. Orchitis typically occurs about a week after the onset of parotitis.
Infertility or low fertility is a rare complication of orchitis. When it does occur, it is usually in males who have orchitis of both testicles rather than just one testicle. Mumps orchitis can lead to the gradual decrease in size of germinal epithelium, which is responsible for sperm production, and disrupt steroidogenesis, which is involved in hormone production. These effects on the testicles can result in decreased sperm count, motility, and morphology.
The symptoms of infertility in males may include:
- Difficulty getting a partner pregnant
- Low sperm count
- Abnormal sperm shape or movement
- Hormonal imbalances
To reduce the risk of infertility in males from mumps, vaccination is crucial. Vaccination helps prevent mumps infection and its complications, including orchitis. Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies that protect against specific diseases like mumps. There is currently no treatment specifically for mumps.
It's important to note that while vaccination greatly reduces the risk of getting mumps and therefore the risk of mumps-related infertility, it doesn't guarantee complete protection. In rare cases, vaccinated individuals may still contract mumps, but their symptoms are generally milder compared to those who are unvaccinated.
If you suspect you have been exposed to mumps or are experiencing symptoms such as swollen testicles or infertility issues, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options. Remember, always ask your doctor for guidance when considering home remedies or over-the-counter medications.