Lithotripsy for Kidney Stones
Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to treat kidney stones. It involves using shock waves or a laser to break down the stones in the kidney, gallbladder, or ureters. There are two main types of lithotripsy: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and laser lithotripsy.
During ESWL, a machine called a lithotripter is used to aim sound waves directly at the stones in the body. These sound waves break down the stones into small pieces. Laser lithotripsy, also known as flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL), uses a tool called a ureteroscope to break down the stones.
Here is a step-by-step description of how the lithotripsy procedure is done:
- Pre-procedure preparation: Before undergoing lithotripsy, your doctor will run tests to determine the number, size, and location of your kidney stones. They may use a non-contrast CT scan or an abdominal X-ray called a kidney, ureters, bladders (KUB) to diagnose the stones accurately. It's essential to let your doctor know if you are taking any medications as you may need to stop certain medications before the procedure.
- Anesthesia: Lithotripsy is usually performed under general anesthesia, which means you will be asleep and won't feel any pain during the procedure. Fasting for 8-12 hours before receiving anesthesia is typically required.
- Lithotripsy procedure: During ESWL, you will lie on a table while the lithotripter machine delivers shock waves to the targeted area where the stones are located. The shock waves help break down the stones into smaller pieces that can pass out of your body through urine. In laser lithotripsy, a ureteroscope is inserted into your urinary tract to locate and break down the stones using laser energy.
- Recovery: After the procedure, you will be moved to a recovery room where your pain will be managed. Anesthetics can cause drowsiness and nausea for several hours after the procedure, so it's important to have someone available to drive you home. You may experience pain in your bladder area after the procedure, and your doctor may prescribe oral narcotics for pain relief initially.
- Follow-up: A few days after your lithotripsy procedure, you will have a follow-up appointment with your doctor to remove any stents that were placed during the procedure. Additional appointments may be scheduled based on your specific case.
It's important to note some potential complications and precautions associated with lithotripsy:
- Infection: To prevent infection, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics before sending you home. Monitor your body temperature and contact your doctor immediately if you develop a fever or chills in the days following the procedure.
- Bleeding: Severe bleeding after lithotripsy is rare but can occur in some cases.
- Precautions: During recovery, it's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions regarding pain management and medication usage. Avoid strenuous activities that could strain your urinary tract while it heals.
- When to call the doctor: If you experience severe pain, persistent bleeding, or signs of infection such as fever or chills after lithotripsy, contact your doctor right away.
Remember that every individual's situation may vary, so it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider about specific instructions and recommendations for your case.