Medication Options to Treat Tension (Stress) Headaches
Tension headaches, also known as tension-type headaches, are the most common type of headache. They are not caused by disease and are often considered "normal" headaches. These headaches typically cause mild to moderate pain on both sides of the head, with a pressing or tightening sensation.
There are several types of medications that can be used to treat tension headaches. Each medication type has a different effect in helping to treat these headaches, and they may also have precautions or potential side effects. Here is a breakdown of the different medication types and their effects:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen and naproxen can help reduce discomfort when a tension headache strikes. These medications work blocking pain signals in the body. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen also can help reduce inflammation that may contribute to pain.
- Precautions: It's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions and not exceed the maximum daily dose. Long-term or excessive use of pain relievers can lead to medication overuse headaches.
- Potential side effects:
- Acetaminophen can cause damage to the liver. An important precaution is to not exceed maximum recommended doses or duration of use unless advised by the doctor because it may injure the liver.
- NSAIDs may cause stomach upset, heartburn, or drowsiness. Serious side effects are rare but may include stomach bleeding or kidney problems.
Combination medications: Some over-the-counter combination medications contain both a pain reliever and a sedative. These medications are often marked with "PM" or "nighttime" on the packaging. The sedative component can help relax muscles and promote sleep, which can be beneficial for tension headaches.
- Precautions: It's important to read the label carefully and follow the recommended dosage instructions.
- Potential side effects: The sedative component of these medications can cause drowsiness or impaired coordination, so it's important to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while taking them.
Antidepressants: Certain antidepressant medications have been found to be effective in preventing both migraines and tension headaches. Tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine are commonly prescribed for this purpose.
- Precautions: Antidepressants should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional and may require several weeks before their full effect is noticed.
- Potential side effects: Side effects vary depending on the specific medication but may include drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, or changes in appetite.
Muscle relaxants: Muscle relaxants may be prescribed for individuals with tension headaches caused by muscle tension or spasms in the head and neck area.
- Precautions: Muscle relaxants should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to their potential for sedation and other side effects.
- Potential side effects: Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision.
It's important to note that while these medications can provide relief for tension headaches, they should always be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. They may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with certain medical conditions or who are taking other medications. If you experience frequent or severe tension headaches, it's best to consult with your doctor who can recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for you.
Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your health care professional about dosing for your individual situation. Other side effects can occur. Check with your health care professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.