Medication Options to Treat Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) in Newborns

Overview

Neonatal conjunctivitis, also known as ophthalmia neonatorum or pink eye in newborns, is an eye infection in newborns that causes redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes. It can be caused by bacteria or viruses that the baby is exposed to during childbirth. Newborn pink eye may develop a few days to a few weeks after birth. Neonatal conjunctivitis can be treated with different types of medications, each with specific effects and precautions. Here are the different types of medications used and how they help treat the condition.

Antibiotics:

• Effect: Antibiotics are used for newborn pink eye caused by bacteria. They help to kill the bacteria causing the infection and reduce inflammation in the eyes. The choice of antibiotic will depend on the specific bacteria causing the infection.
• How to use them: Depending on the bacteria and severity of infection, the healthcare provider may prescribe:
  • Antibiotic eye ointment or eye drops: These medications are made specifically to be used in the eye. They are applied directly to the eye. One method is to gently pull down on the lower eyelid to create a pouch and squeeze a thin line of ointment or a drop of eye drop into the pouch. Let go of the lower eyelid and the medication will cover the eye.
  • Antibiotic to be given orally (by mouth)
  • Antibiotic to be given by injection by a healthcare professional in the office or clinic. The injection may be given as a shot (intramuscular) or through a vein (intravenous, or IV).
• Precautions/side effects: It is important to follow the specific dosage instructions for the antibiotic for the newborn. It is also important to complete the prescribed course of antibiotic (number of days or doses prescribed), even if the newborn’s eye symptoms improve. Side effects may occur. Consult the healthcare provider and read the information provided with medications for information about potential side effects for a specific medication.

Antivirals:

• Effect: Antivirals are used for newborn pink eye caused by certain viruses. Many types of pink eye causes by viruses go away on their own in 1-2 weeks and are not treated with antivirals. Pink eye caused by certain viruses, such as herpes simplex virus, may be treated with antiviral medication.
• How to use them: Depending on the virus and severity of infection, the healthcare provider may prescribe:
  • Antiviral eye ointments or eye drops: These medications are made specifically to be used in the eye. They are applied directly to the eye. One method is to gently pull down on the lower eyelid to create a pouch and squeeze a thin line of ointment or a drop of eye drop into the pouch. Let go of the lower eyelid and the medication will cover the eye.
  • Antiviral to be given intravenously by a healthcare provider in a clinic or other healthcare facility.

It's important to note that these medications should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. If you suspect your newborn has conjunctivitis, it is recommended to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.

Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your health care professional about dosing for your individual situation. Other side effects can occur. Check with your health care professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.