Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid) and Autoimmune Diseases
Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, has a strong association with autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Hashimoto’s disease (also called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and damages the thyroid. As a result, the damaged thyroid may not be able to produce enough thyroid hormone.
In addition, some autoimmune diseases that have a higher risk of occurring in people with hypothyroidism, and some people with autoimmune diseases have a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism. Examples include:
- Type 1 Diabetes: Research suggests that there is a close association between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune-induced thyroid dysfunction (AITD). Approximately 17-30% of adults with type 1 diabetes also have AITD. Additionally, 25% of children with type 1 diabetes have autoimmune hypothyroidism.
- Lupus: There is a relationship between lupus and thyroid disease, including hypothyroidism. People with one type of autoimmune disease are at a higher risk of developing another autoimmune disease. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can develop as a result of an autoimmune disease like lupus.
- Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are both autoimmune disorders. Another autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis can cause hypothyroidism. It is believed that individuals with one autoimmune condition, such as psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, may have a higher likelihood of developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease. People with rheumatoid arthritis appear to have a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism, and people with hypothyroidism may have a higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
It's important to note that while there is a link between hypothyroidism and these autoimmune diseases, it doesn't mean that everyone with hypothyroidism will develop these conditions. The relationship between these diseases is complex, and it's best to consult with a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.