Diagnosing Hashimoto's Disease (Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis)
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This can result in an underactive thyroid, known as hypothyroidism.
To diagnose Hashimoto's thyroiditis, doctors may perform several examinations, screening tests, and procedures. These help in confirming the diagnosis and determining the severity or progression of the condition. Specialists who may be involved in the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis include endocrinologists and primary care physicians.
Here are the examinations, tests, and procedures used to diagnose Hashimoto's thyroiditis:
- Medical history and physical exam: Your doctor will start by taking your medical history and performing a physical exam. They will ask about your symptoms and check your neck for any enlargement known as a goiter, which can be a sign of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
- Blood Tests: One or more blood tests are ordered to check for hypothyroidism and its causes. These tests include:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Test: This blood test measures the levels of TSH hormone produced by the pituitary gland. High TSH levels indicate an underactive thyroid.
- Thyroid hormone tests: Blood tests may also measure the levels of thyroid hormones T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine).
- Antibody test: This blood test detects the presence of antibodies that suggest Hashimoto's disease. These antibodies are called thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO). However, it's important to note that having only these antibodies does not necessarily cause hypothyroidism.
- Ultrasound: In some cases, if there is suspicion of Hashimoto's thyroiditis but no antithyroid antibodies are found in the blood, an ultrasound of the thyroid may be performed. This imaging test can show the size of the thyroid gland and other features associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Additional tests: In certain situations, doctors may order additional tests to rule out other conditions or determine the severity or progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These tests may include:
- Cholesterol test: This blood test checks cholesterol levels as high cholesterol can be associated with hypothyroidism.
It is important to note that while these examinations, tests, and procedures are commonly used in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis, they should always be interpreted by a healthcare professional. If you suspect you have Hashimoto's thyroiditis or have any concerns about your thyroid health, it is best to consult with a doctor who can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation.