Medication Options to Treat Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is characterized by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking the digestive tract.
There are several different types of medications used to treat Crohn's disease. Many Crohn's disease medications help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract and immune system activity that contributes to symptoms. Here is a breakdown of medication types and their effects in treating the condition:
- Aminosalicylates [uh-MEEN-oh-sal-uh-SIL-uh-tayts]: These medications reduce inflammation in the lining of the intestines and may be used for some people with mild Crohn's disease, although they are more commonly used for ulcerative colitis. Examples include balsalazide, mesalamine, and sulfasalazine.
- Corticosteroids [kor-ti-koh-STEER-oydz]: These powerful anti-inflammatory drugs are used to manage flares of Crohn's disease. However, they are meant for short-term use only due to their risk of side effects such as weight gain, mood changes, and weakened bones. Common examples include hydrocortisone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone.
- Immunomodulators [uh-myoo-noh-MAH-juh-lay-duhrz]: These drugs dampen the immune system response to reduce inflammation. They may be recommended if aminosalicylates are ineffective. It may take several weeks or months for immunomodulators to take effect. Examples include cyclosporine, methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP).
- Biologics: Biologics target specific proteins involved in inflammation. They may be given by injection under the skin or by intravenous infusion. Types used for Crohn's disease include anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies (TNF inhibitors), anti-integrin therapies, anti-interleukin-12/23 therapy, and anti-interleukin-23 therapy. Examples include adalimumab, certolizumab, infliximab, natalizumab, risankizumab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are not used to treat Crohn's disease inflammation directly, but they may be prescribed to treat infections or complications such as abscesses, fistulas, or bacterial overgrowth.
Precautions and potential side effects vary for each medication type. It is important to consult with your healthcare provider about the specific precautions and potential side effects associated with each medication type.
Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your healthcare provider or read the information provided with your medication for side effect information.