Celiac Disease Genetics
Celiac disease is a genetic condition that can be inherited. People with a first-degree relative, such as a parent, child, or sibling, have a 1 in 10 risk of developing celiac disease. However, not everyone who carries the gene variants will develop the disease.
The specific genes associated with celiac disease are the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes. Having certain forms of these genes, specifically the DQ2 and DQ8 variants, increases the risk of developing celiac disease. It's important to note that people who do not have these gene variants are very unlikely to develop celiac disease.
To determine if someone has celiac disease, they should consult with a doctor who can perform various tests. The most common diagnostic test is a blood test that checks for certain antibodies associated with celiac disease. If the blood test results suggest celiac disease, the doctor may recommend a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm the diagnosis. During the biopsy, a small sample of tissue is taken from the small intestine and examined for damage caused by gluten.
It's crucial for individuals with celiac disease to receive a proper diagnosis from a healthcare professional. Following a strict gluten-free diet is the primary treatment for celiac disease. This means avoiding foods that contain gluten, such as wheat, rye, and barley. If left untreated or undiagnosed, celiac disease can lead to other health conditions and complications.
Remember to always consult with your doctor if you suspect you may have celiac disease or any other medical condition. They can provide personalized advice and guidance based on your specific situation.