Diabetes and Edema
Diabetes is a condition that happens when your blood sugar (glucose) is too high because the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use it properly.
Edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the body, causing swelling. It can occur as a symptom of diabetes and may be a sign of a complication called diabetic macular edema (DME). DME is estimated to affect about 1 in 15 people with diabetes.
In DME, high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina, leading to various changes such as leakage, swelling, blockage, and abnormal blood vessel growth. When fluid leaks from these damaged vessels and accumulates in the retina, it causes swelling, which is known as DME. In addition to vascular changes, inflammation may also play a role in the development of DME.
Recognizing edema can vary depending on where it occurs in the body. Common areas affected by edema include the skin (especially hands, arms, ankles, legs, and feet), muscles, bowel, lungs, eyes, and brain. When experiencing edema, a person may feel swollen and puffy in these areas. Sometimes edema can be painful.
When edema occurs as a symptom of diabetes or DME, it's important to take action and seek appropriate treatment. Here are some recommended actions and treatments:
- Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can help improve circulation and prevent fluid buildup. Consult with a healthcare professional for specific exercises that may be beneficial.
- Reduce salt intake: A high-salt diet can increase water retention and worsen edema. It's advisable to discuss salt intake with a doctor or dietitian to determine the appropriate level for an individual.
- Massage: Massaging the affected area with firm pressure can help move excess fluid out of the body. It's important not to apply pressure that causes pain.
- Skin hygiene: Keeping the skin clean and moisturized is crucial to prevent cracks, scrapes, and cuts that could lead to infection.
- Foot protection: If edema occurs in the feet, wearing suitable shoes that don't restrict blood flow but provide protection against injury and infection is recommended.
It's essential to contact a doctor or seek medical help if experiencing symptoms of diabetes or if edema persists or worsens. Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination (especially at night), excessive thirst or hunger, unintentional weight loss, blurry vision, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, excessive tiredness, dry skin, slow wound healing, and frequent infections. Prompt medical attention is crucial because untreated diabetes can lead to complications such as diabetic retinopathy (which includes DME), nerve damage, and heart attack.
Remember that while these recommendations can be helpful for managing edema as a symptom of diabetes or DME, it's always important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance based on individual circumstances.