Helping Prevent Hyperglycemia in Diabetes
Hyperglycemia is a condition where a person has high blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels. It can occur in people with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2.
There are two main types of hyperglycemia:
- Fasting hyperglycemia happens when a person with diabetes has blood sugar levels above 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) after not eating or drinking for 8 hours or more.
- Postprandial hyperglycemia occurs when someone with diabetes has blood sugar levels of 180 mg/dL or higher 2 hours after eating.
Hyperglycemia can happen due to several reasons:
- Insufficient or ineffective insulin: In people with diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or doesn't use insulin effectively (type 2 diabetes). Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. When there isn't enough insulin or it doesn't work properly, blood sugar levels can rise.
- Diabetes medications: Sometimes, the medications used to manage diabetes may need adjustments if they are not effectively controlling blood sugar levels. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the right medication and dosage.
- Diet and lifestyle changes: Eating too much food, especially foods high in carbohydrates, can cause blood sugar levels to spike. Lack of physical activity or exercise or not maintaining an ideal body weight can also contribute to higher blood sugar levels.
It is important to address hyperglycemia because if left untreated, it can lead to complications such as ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is a dangerous buildup of waste products that can lead to a diabetic coma. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include frequent urination, intense thirst, and high blood sugar readings during self-monitoring.
To reduce the risk of hyperglycemia:
- Follow a balanced diet: Eat a variety of foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Avoid excessive consumption of sugary foods and drinks.
- Engage in regular physical activity: Exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity and can help manage blood sugar levels.
- Take prescribed medications as directed: If you have diabetes and take medication, make sure to take it as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
- Monitor blood sugar levels: Regularly check your blood sugar levels as advised by your healthcare provider.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated.
- Manage stress: Stress can affect blood sugar levels. Find healthy ways to manage stress such as exercise, relaxation techniques, or talking to a trusted friend or family member.
It is important to remember that these suggestions are general recommendations and may not be suitable for everyone. It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider who can provide personalized advice based on individual needs and circumstances.