Diagnosing Prediabetes in Teens

Overview

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. If left untreated, prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes and can also lead to various complications.

To diagnose prediabetes in teens, doctors may use the following examinations, screening tests, or procedures:

• Blood Tests: A doctor will order a blood test to accurately diagnose prediabetes in teens. This involves drawing a blood sample and sending it to a lab for analysis. There are two main blood tests used for diagnosing prediabetes in teens:
  • Hemoglobin A1C Test: Also known as the A1C test or glycosylated hemoglobin test, this measures the average blood sugar level over the last 3 months. It does not require fasting and can be done at any time. A value of 5.7% to 6.4% is diagnostic for prediabetes. It's recommended to confirm the results with a second A1C test.
  • Fasting Plasma Glucose Test: This test requires fasting for 8 hours or overnight. A healthcare professional will take a blood sample before eating to measure blood sugar levels.

These tests help confirm a diagnosis of prediabetes by measuring blood sugar levels and identifying if they fall within the range that indicates prediabetes (5.7% to 6.4% for A1C test).

• Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing: This test is used to screen for prediabetes in youth and involves an overnight fast followed by drinking a glucose solution. Blood samples are taken at specific intervals to measure how the body processes glucose.

Specialists who may be involved in diagnosing prediabetes in teens include:

• Pediatricians: These doctors specialize in the care of children and adolescents and can help diagnose and manage prediabetes in teens.
• Endocrinologists: These specialists focus on hormone-related conditions, including diabetes and prediabetes. They may be involved if further evaluation or treatment is needed.