Diagnosing Angioedema
Angioedema is a temporary swelling that occurs below the surface of the skin and in the surrounding tissues. The swelling is caused by leaking blood vessels in the affected area.
Specialists involved in diagnosing angioedema may include primary care physicians, allergists/immunologists, dermatologists, and cardiologists (if cardiovascular involvement is suspected).
To diagnose angioedema, healthcare professionals may perform several examinations, screening tests, and procedures. These help confirm the diagnosis and determine the type, severity, or stage of angioedema. Here is a summary of the diagnostic methods used:
- Medical history: The healthcare professional will ask about the individual's symptoms and medical history. It is important to inform them if there has been recent exposure to substances that may have triggered the reaction. It is also important to note whether the angioedema runs in the family and happens without an apparent trigger. This information can help identify the specific cause of the angioedema.
- Physical exam: During a physical exam, the healthcare professional will examine the swelling and welts present on the individual. They may also listen to their breathing to check if the throat has been affected.
- Skin prick test: This test involves pricking the skin with a small amount of a suspected allergen. It helps determine if allergic angioedema is likely, especially if symptoms occurred after exposure to a common allergen.
- Blood tests: Blood tests can be performed to assess various factors related to angioedema:
- Immune system reaction: A blood test can measure how the immune system reacts to a specific allergen.
- C1 esterase inhibitors: Low levels or dysfunction of these inhibitors suggest hereditary angioedema.
- Complement components: Testing levels or function of certain proteins in the blood, such as C2 and C4, can help identify underlying autoimmune diseases associated with abnormal results.
It's important to note that while these examinations and tests are valuable in diagnosing angioedema and determining its type or severity, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to individual needs.