Complications of Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a condition where abnormal cell growth occurs in the walls of arteries. This can cause the arteries to become narrow or bulge, especially in the carotid arteries (which supply blood to the brain), as well as arteries in the brain and kidneys.
FMD can lead to symptoms like high blood pressure, dizziness, constant headaches, bulging blood vessels in the brain, ringing in the ears, weakness or numbness in the face, neck pain, and vision problems. Some common complications of FMD include:
- Artery narrowing: FMD causes extra cells to grow within the walls of arteries, leading to narrowing of the arteries. This can restrict blood flow and potentially cause organ damage. To prevent artery narrowing, it is important to manage risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Blood pressure-lowering medications or cholesterol-lowering medications prescribed by your healthcare professional may be used to treat this complication.
- Artery dissection: In some cases, FMD can cause the arteries to tear or dissect. This can lead to serious complications like blood clots or even stroke. If you experience sudden severe pain, changes in vision, weakness, or difficulty speaking, seek immediate medical attention as these may be signs of an artery dissection. Treatment for artery dissection may involve medications to prevent blood clots or surgery in severe cases.
- Organ ischemia: Due to narrowed arteries, organs may not receive adequate blood supply, leading to ischemia (lack of oxygen and nutrients). This can result in organ dysfunction or damage. Treatment options for organ ischemia depend on the affected organ and may include medications to improve blood flow or surgery.
- High blood pressure: FMD can contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension). Managing hypertension is important to prevent further complications such as heart disease or stroke. Lifestyle modifications like maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, reducing salt intake, and managing stress can help control blood pressure. Your healthcare professional may also prescribe medications to lower your blood pressure if necessary.
Prevention and treatment of these complications require close monitoring by a healthcare professional specializing in vascular diseases. It is crucial to follow your healthcare professional's advice and attend regular check-ups to manage FMD effectively. Remember that each person's situation is unique, so it's important to consult with your healthcare professional for personalized recommendations and treatment options based on your specific needs.