Diagnosing Sudden Cardiac (Heart) Arrest
To diagnose sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), examinations, tests, and procedures may be done. Specialists involved in diagnosing SCA may include cardiologists, nurses, physician assistants, and lab technicians. Here are some of the examinations, tests, and procedures that may be done:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart. Specially trained cardiologists can analyze the ECG results to identify possible problems, such as long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy.
- Echocardiogram: This is an ultrasound scan of the heart that allows doctors to see the heart beating in real time. It can help detect physical abnormalities and assess the structure and function of the heart.
- Blood tests: Laboratory tests may be ordered to check a sample of blood for markers that can indicate cardiac arrest or underlying conditions.
- Genetic testing: Some genetic changes can increase the risk of cardiac arrest. Genetic testing may be recommended for individuals who have survived a cardiac arrest or have a family history of SCA.
- Cardiac event monitoring: This test involves wearing a portable device that continuously records the heart's electrical activity for an extended period. It can help detect abnormal heart rhythms that may contribute to SCA.
- Stress testing: During a stress test, the patient exercises while their heart rate and blood pressure are monitored. This helps evaluate how well the heart functions during physical activity.
- Imaging tests: Imaging studies, such as X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, may be used to examine the heart and surrounding structures for any abnormalities or signs of damage.
- Cardiac catheterization: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm, groin, thigh, or neck and threading it to the heart. It allows doctors to visualize blood flow in the coronary arteries and assess any blockages.
- Electrophysiology (EP) study: Similar to an ECG, an EP study is performed inside the heart using long thin wires inserted through a vein in the groin. The wires measure the heart's electrical activity and help identify any abnormalities contributing to SCA.
The results obtained from these tests help healthcare providers confirm a diagnosis of SCA and determine its type, severity, or stage by identifying factors or indicators such as abnormal heart rhythms, structural abnormalities in the heart, genetic predispositions, or blockages in blood vessels.
If you experience symptoms associated with SCA or have a medical or family history suggesting it as a possibility, it is important to consult with a doctor who can recommend appropriate examinations and tests based on your individual situation. Remember to always consult with your doctor before trying any home remedies or over-the-counter medications related to cardiac health.