Diagnosing Coronary Artery Calcification
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) occurs when calcium builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Doctors who may be involved in diagnosing coronary artery calcification include general practitioners and cardiologists. Here are some of the examinations, tests, and procedures used to diagnose coronary artery calcification:
- Computed tomography (CT) scan: A painless imaging test that allows doctors to visualize the heart and the coronary arteries. This test is commonly used if there is a suspicion of coronary artery calcification due to high cholesterol levels.
- Coronary artery calcium (CAC) test: A specialized CT scan of the heart that takes detailed images of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles. These images can show the presence of calcium deposits in these arteries.
These diagnostic tests help confirm a diagnosis of coronary artery calcification by identifying and quantifying the presence of calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. The severity of the calcium buildup is usually measured using a coronary artery calcium score, also known as an Agatston score. The higher the score, the more severe the calcium buildup.
To determine the severity of coronary artery calcification, additional examinations, tests, or procedures may be done:
- Cardiac intravascular ultrasound: This more invasive test involves threading a small catheter through a thigh or forearm artery to reach the coronary arteries. It provides detailed images to measure the calcification.
- Intravascular optical coherence tomography: Another invasive procedure that uses a catheter to obtain high-resolution images of the coronary arteries. It can help identify the location and amount of calcium in plaques.
It's important to note that while these examinations and tests are helpful in diagnosing and assessing coronary artery calcification, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management plan tailored to individual needs.