Helping Prevent Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism is a condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs. It can be life-threatening if not treated early. The most common symptoms of pulmonary embolism include shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, spitting up blood, and fainting due to low blood pressure.
There are several causes and risk factors for pulmonary embolism. It can be more likely in people who take certain types of birth control or during pregnancy. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a blood clot that forms in a vein, is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism.
To reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism, especially after surgery when mobility may be limited, there are some actions that a person can take:
- Elevating the legs: When lying down, people can elevate their legs by placing books or other objects underneath the lower end of their mattress. This helps to promote better blood flow.
- Wearing compression stockings: Graduated compression stockings squeeze the legs, preventing blood from pooling in them. There are also special sleeves or boots available that apply pressure to the legs.
- Moving as soon as possible after surgery: When it is safe to do so, people can start with small movements such as flexing and stretching their feet. This motion helps prevent blood from settling in the calves.
- Moving around while traveling: Sitting for prolonged periods of time, like when traveling by car or airplane, can increase the risk of blot clots. Getting up and moving around, when possible, can reduce this risk.
- Staying hydrated: Dehydration can contribute to the formation of blood clots. Drinking plenty of water and limiting alcohol consumption can lower this risk.
- Quitting smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clot formation. Quitting smoking is essential in reducing the risk of developing a pulmonary embolism.
- Continuing with prescribed blood thinners: Blood thinners may be prescribed for people with a history of pulmonary embolisms or if they are at high risk of developing blood clots. If you’re doctor has prescribed blood thinners, be sure to continue taking them as directed. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about your medication.
- Consulting with your doctor about medications: Some medications, like birth control pills, can increase the risk of clot formation. Be sure to talk with your doctor if you have concerns about your medication and the risk of blood clots.
It's important to note that these actions may not completely eliminate the risk of pulmonary embolism, especially in high-risk individuals. If someone is at high risk for pulmonary embolism, a doctor may suggest taking anticoagulant medication as a preventive measure after surgery. In some cases, a doctor may also recommend inserting a filter into the inferior vena cava vein, which catches blood clots before they reach the lungs.
If you are concerned about your risk of pulmonary embolism or experiencing symptoms related to it, it's always best to speak with a doctor who can provide personalized advice and guidance tailored to your specific situation.