Complications of Aneurysms
An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of a blood vessel. They develop most commonly along the aorta and brain blood vessels but can occur anywhere in the circulatory system. An aneurysm of a blood vessel means that the wall is stretched and weak. This can make the vessel more likely to rupture. Depending on where the aneurysm is located, this can lead to life- threatening bleeding. Control of blood pressure, frequent monitoring for enlargement of the aneurysm and in some cases surgical repairs are necessary to prevent complications or death.
During or following repair of an aneurysm, there are complications that may occur:
- Thromboembolic complications: These occur when a blood clot forms within the stent used to treat the aneurysm, leading to blockage of blood flow. This can result in stent occlusion, distal embolism, or occlusion of vessels originating from the aneurysm. To prevent clot formation, it is important to take immediate action. Early signs of thrombosis include a contrast filling defect within or adjacent to the stent or the occlusion of covered side branches. If a clot forms, prompt treatment is necessary to avoid irreversible ischemic complications downstream.
- Technical complications: These include poor device opening, stent migration, vessel dissection or perforation, and ischemia due to branch vessel occlusion. These complications may require additional intervention or adjustments during the procedure.
- Rebleed post-treatment: In some cases, aneurysms may rupture again after treatment. This can occur even if flow diversion alone is used without adjunctive coiling. Rebleeding can lead to severe consequences and a higher mortality rate.
- Careful management of complications: Complications following aneurysm treatment should be promptly detected and treated. For brain aneurysms, these may include vasospasm, increased intracranial pressure, disturbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation, delayed cerebral ischemia, cardiopulmonary complications, and neurological deficits.
Careful monitoring of aneurysms and post-treatment is essential to identify complications early for treatment. Remember that every individual's situation is unique, so it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance regarding your specific condition.