Diagnosing Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a type of skin cancer that originates in the Merkel cells, which are located at the bottom of the outer layer of the skin called the epidermis. These cells are connected to nerve endings that give us our sense of touch.
MCC is diagnosed through a series of examinations, screening tests, and procedures. These help confirm the presence of MCC and determine its type, severity, and stage. Specialists who may be involved in diagnosing MCC include dermatologists and oncologists.
Here are the examinations, screening tests, and procedures used to diagnose MCC:
- Physical Exam: A doctor or dermatologist will perform a physical exam to check for any lumps, lesions, or irregularly shaped moles on the skin. They will also ask for a detailed medical history, including sun exposure and any family history of skin cancer.
- Skin Biopsy: If any abnormalities are found during the physical exam, a skin biopsy may be performed. During this procedure, a tiny amount of the lump or lesion is removed and examined under a microscope. This helps determine if cancer cells are present.
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: If MCC is confirmed through a skin biopsy, additional tests may be done to determine the stage and extent of the cancer. One such test is a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This procedure helps determine if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
- Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) scans may be conducted to assess if the cancer has spread beyond the skin. These tests provide detailed pictures of different areas inside the body from various angles.
Once MCC has been diagnosed, additional examinations, tests, or procedures are done to determine the type, severity, or stage of the cancer:
- Staging Process: The staging process is used to find out if cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. It involves gathering information that helps determine the stage of the disease. Knowing the stage is essential for planning treatment.
- CT Scan (CAT Scan): A CT scan is a procedure that creates detailed pictures of areas inside the body using X-rays taken from different angles. It can help identify if cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
These examinations, tests, and procedures play a crucial role in diagnosing MCC and determining its type, severity, and stage. It's important to consult with healthcare professionals such as dermatologists or oncologists who specialize in diagnosing and treating MCC for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.