Complications of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of blood cancer that affects the immune and lymphatic systems in the body. It occurs when certain cells in the lymphatic system multiply and collect in an abnormal way, compromising the body's ability to fight infections. While NHL itself can lead to various complications, the treatments used to manage the condition can also cause additional issues.
Over time, the natural progression of NHL can vary depending on factors such as age at diagnosis and the specific type of NHL. Complications of NHL include:
- Weakened immune system: Having NHL and undergoing cancer treatments both can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. It is important to practice good hygiene habits such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. If you develop signs of infection such as fever, chills, or persistent coughing, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.
- Depression: Depression affects many people with cancer. It is important to discuss your feelings with your healthcare team who may be able to help with treatment if needed.
- Dental and oral complications from chemotherapy treatment and radiation therapy, such as mucositis or sores in the mouth. These treatments also may increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. To prevent dental complications, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly. Additionally, it is recommended to visit a dentist before starting treatment to address any existing dental issues. If dental complications occur, your doctor may prescribe medications or recommend specific oral care strategies.
- Fertility problems from chemotherapy or radiation therapy: It is important to discuss your wishes for future fertility with the healthcare team to discuss options.
- Secondary cancers from exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- Organ damage to heart and lungs
- Cytopenia: Low red blood cells (anemia), low white blood cells (leukopenia), or low platelets (thrombocytopenia). This increases chances of bleeding or infection. Medications may be used in some cases to help the body make more of these blood cells.
- Hair loss: Use soft bristled brushes or wide-tooth combs and avoid hair dryers and hair dyes, which can damage hair. Protect your scalp in the sun with a hat or scarf. Your health care team or American Cancer Society may be resources to obtain wigs or hairpieces.
- Loss of appetite: NHL treatments can sometimes cause alterations in taste perception, which may affect a person's nutritional intake and overall well-being. To cope with changes in taste, it can be helpful to experiment with different flavors and textures of food. Adding herbs and spices to enhance flavor or trying cold foods like popsicles or smoothies may also be beneficial. If taste changes persist or significantly impact nutrition, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare team, including a dietitian, for further guidance.
Remember that these complications are more likely to occur as a result of NHL treatments rather than the cancer itself. It is essential to communicate any concerns or symptoms you experience with your healthcare team so that they can provide appropriate guidance and support throughout your treatment journey.
Please note that while these general strategies can be helpful for many individuals, it is always best to consult with your doctor or oncologist for personalized advice tailored to your specific situation.