Complications of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Overview

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a type of cancer where malignant (cancerous) cells form in the lung tissues. Complications of NSCLC include infections, airway obstruction, and fluid build-up. Symptoms associated with these complications include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, weight loss, fatigue, and chest pain. These complications can significantly impact a person's health, leading to decreased lung function and overall weakness. NSCLC complications may include:

• Airway Obstruction: NSCLC may grow into an airway and block it. This may cause breathing problems such as shortness of breath. It may also increase the chances of getting an infection in the lungs, such as a pneumonia.
  • Radiation therapy: Use of high-energy beam to shrink the tumor blocking the airway
  • Laser therapy: A bronchoscope with laser is passed down through the through to the lungs. The laser light is used to burn away the tumor causing the blockage.
  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A special light-activated drug and bronchoscope with laser light are used to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor.
• Fluid in Chest (Pleural Effusion): With NSCLC, fluid may build up in the chest outside the lungs. The fluid around the lungs may put pressure on the lungs and cause shortness of breath and trouble breathing. Treatment of pleural effusion may include
  • Thoracentesis: Use of a needle to drain the fluid from around the lung
  • Pleurodesis: Use of a substance (a chemical or powder) to seal shut the space between the lung lining and chest wall so fluid cannot accumulate
  • Catheter placement: A tube is inserted into the pleural space to allow draining of the fluid on a regular basis.
• Fluid around the Heart (Pericardial Effusion): NSCLC may spread to the area around the heart. This may lead to fluid build-up in the sac around the heart (the pericardium). Pericardial effusion can put pressure on the heart and affect how well it can pump blood.
  • Pericardiocentesis: Use of needle to drain the fluid from around the heart.
  • Pericardial window: A small opening is made into the pericardium to allow the fluid to drain into the chest.
• Metastases (spread to other parts of the body): NSCLC can spread to most parts of the body. The most common locations are to the bones, braid, adrenal glands, and liver. When cancer spreads to other organs, it may affect the organ’s ability to function properly. Treatment will depend on the organ effected.

In summary, if complications arise, treatment options may include surgery or other methods to remove, kill, or shrink cancerous tissue or manage the effects of the complication. It's essential for individuals diagnosed with NSCLC to work closely with their healthcare team to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for complications that may arise.