Hepatitis C and Liver Cancer
Hepatitis C can cause or increase the risk of liver cancer. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to liver cancer, and it is estimated that about half of liver cancers in the United States are related to hepatitis C. When a person has chronic hepatitis C, it causes prolonged inflammation in the liver, which can result in liver scarring (fibrosis) that may become permanent (cirrhosis). People with more advanced liver scarring are at a higher risk of developing liver cancer.
There are several ways in which hepatitis C increases the risk of liver cancer:
- Inflammation: Long-term inflammation in the liver can damage DNA. If this DNA damage affects genes that control cell growth and division, it can lead to cancer.
- Alteration of pathways in liver cells: Hepatitis C virus can change how liver cells grow, repair DNA, and die. These changes increase the chances of cancer developing.
The symptoms of liver cancer may include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue or weakness
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Easy bruising or bleeding
To reduce the risk of developing liver cancer from hepatitis C, it is important to take steps to prevent contracting the hepatitis B or C viruses. This includes getting vaccinated against hepatitis B and avoiding sharing needles or injection drug equipment. If you do get viral hepatitis, early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of developing liver cancer. It is important to see a doctor if you experience symptoms such as yellowing of the skin, fever, or abdominal pain.
It's crucial to remember that these recommendations are general guidelines. It's always best to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation.