Complications of Throat Cancer
Throat cancer, also known as oropharyngeal cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the throat, voice box, or tonsils. Throat cancer can lead to various complications that can affect the mouth and throat. Some of the common complications include:
- Difficulty swallowing and eating
- Weight loss as a result of difficulty eating
- Airway obstruction
- Spread of cancer (metastasis), often to lymph nodes
Complications may also occur from treatment of throat cancer, including:
- Inflammation and ulcers: Chemotherapy used to treat throat cancer can cause inflammation and ulcers in the mucous membranes of the stomach or intestines. Radiation therapy to the head and neck can also lead to fibrosis (the growth of fibrous tissue) in the mucous membrane in the mouth.
- Easy bleeding in the mouth: Chemotherapy can make the blood vessels in the mouth more fragile, leading to easy bleeding.
- Nerve damage: Chemotherapy can sometimes cause nerve damage, which can result in numbness or tingling sensations in the mouth.
- Tooth decay and gum disease: Radiation therapy to the head and neck can increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. This is because radiation slows down or stops the growth of new cells, including those in the lining of the mouth that help repair oral tissue.
To prevent or treat these complications, it is important to take certain steps:
- Before starting cancer treatment, it is recommended to have a dental checkup and treat any existing dental problems such as cavities, broken teeth, loose crowns or fillings, and gum disease. This is because these issues can worsen during cancer treatment.
- Maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing teeth twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
- Eating a well-balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables. A healthy diet helps support overall oral health.
- Avoiding tobacco products, including smoking. It is especially important for individuals with head or neck cancer to quit smoking as it can worsen oral complications.
- Following any oral care plan recommended by your healthcare team before starting high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, or radiation therapy.
If complications do occur, it is essential to communicate with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on managing side effects and may recommend specific treatments or medications to address the complications.
Remember, every individual's situation is unique, so it's important to consult with your doctor about your specific circumstances before making any decisions about prevention or treatment options for throat cancer complications.