Complications of Oral Cancer

Overview

Oral cancer can lead to various complications that can affect the mouth, lips, and throat. Some common complications of oral cancer include:

Difficulty eating (difficulty chewing or moving jaw or tongue)
Speech problems

Complications also may be associated with the treatment of oral cancer. These complications may include:

Oral Mucositis: This is inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. It can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty in eating and speaking. To prevent oral mucositis, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene before cancer treatment begins. Regular dental checkups and treating any existing dental problems can help prevent or minimize the severity of mucositis. During cancer treatment, your healthcare team may recommend rinsing your mouth with a saltwater solution or using prescribed mouthwashes to help manage symptoms.
Infection: Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy can weaken the immune system, making it easier for infections to occur in the mouth. To prevent infections, it is crucial to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth gently twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and using fluoride toothpaste. Your dentist may also recommend antimicrobial mouthwashes or prescribe antibiotics if necessary.
Salivary Gland Problems: Cancer treatments can affect the salivary glands, leading to dry mouth (xerostomia). Saliva plays a crucial role in keeping the mouth moist, protecting teeth from decay, and aiding in digestion. To alleviate dry mouth symptoms, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free candies can also stimulate saliva production. Your healthcare team may recommend saliva substitutes or medications that help increase saliva production.
Change in Taste: Some cancer treatments can alter your sense of taste (dysgeusia), causing a metallic or bitter taste in the mouth. To manage changes in taste, try experimenting with different flavors and spices to enhance the taste of food. Maintaining good oral hygiene can also help improve taste perception.
Pain: Oral cancer and its treatments can cause pain in the mouth and throat. Over-the-counter pain relievers may provide temporary relief for mild pain; however, it is important to consult your doctor before taking any medication. Your healthcare team may prescribe stronger pain medications or recommend topical treatments like numbing gels or rinses to manage pain.

To prevent these complications associated with oral cancer, it is essential to take proactive steps:

Before cancer treatment begins, undergo a thorough dental examination and address any existing dental issues.
Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing gently twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and using fluoride toothpaste.
Rinse your mouth regularly with a saltwater solution or prescribed mouthwash as recommended by your healthcare team.
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
Avoid tobacco use and limit alcohol consumption.
Attend regular dental checkups to identify any unusual growths or issues early on.

Remember that each person's situation is unique, so it's important to consult with your healthcare team for personalized advice and guidance on managing complications associated with oral cancer.