Cancer and High Blood Calcium (Hypercalcemia)
Cancer can cause hypercalcemia, which is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. This occurs when cancer cells release substances that promote the breakdown of bone, leading to increased calcium levels. The risk factors for developing hypercalcemia from cancer include having:
- Advanced-stage cancer: Cancer that has spread far in the body and is harder to treat
- Hematological malignancies: Some cancers that affect the blood and immune system
- Renal and breast carcinomas: Kidney and breast cancers
- Squamous cell carcinomas: A type of skin cancer that can also affect other areas like the lungs or throat
- Osteolytic metastases or ectopic production of certain hormones: Cancer spread to bones that breaks down bone tissue, or cancer cells producing hormones in areas they normally wouldn't
The symptoms of hypercalcemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to symptoms such as:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Increased thirst and urination, confusion
- Coma in severe cases
The symptoms of hypercalcemia can be different in severity and impact a person's health and well-being.
Treating hypercalcemia from cancer involves addressing both the underlying cancer and managing the high calcium levels. The primary goal of treatment is to lower the calcium levels back to normal range and relieve symptoms. Treatment options may include:
- Intravenous fluids to hydrate the body and increase urine output
- Dialysis may be necessary
- Medications:
- Bisphosphonates that help reduce bone breakdown and lower calcium levels
- Calcitonin which helps lower calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and lower calcium levels, and in some cases
There are steps that individuals can take to decrease their risk of developing hypercalcemia. It is important for individuals with cancer to receive regular medical check-ups and follow their treatment plans as prescribed by their healthcare team. This includes:
- Taking any prescribed medications as directed
- Attending scheduled appointments for monitoring and management of their condition
- Maintaining good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids unless otherwise advised by their healthcare provider
While prevention may not be entirely possible, individuals with cancer can decrease their risk of developing hypercalcemia by following their treatment plans and maintaining good hydration under the guidance of their healthcare team.
Medication type and dosing are affected by many factors and may be different for each person, and additional side effects may happen. Talk to your doctor for personalized advice and read the information provided with your medication.