Helping Prevent Anal Cancer
Anal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the tissues of the anus. It is important to note that there are no surefire ways to prevent anal cancer, but there are several actions a person can take to reduce their risk.
Anal cancer has non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable risk factors are those that a person cannot change or control. These include older age (55 years or older) and previous medical history (HIV/AIDs anal fistula, or cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer).
Modifiable risk factors are those that a person possibly can change or control. Modifiable risk factors for anal cancer include:
- Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Engaging in anal sex
- Cigarette smoking
People can lower their risk for anal cancer through:
- HPV vaccination: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can protect against certain types of HPV that are known to cause anal cancer and genital warts. By getting vaccinated, a person can greatly reduce their risk of developing anal cancer. It is recommended to get the HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active.
- Practicing safe sex: Using barrier methods such as condoms during sexual activity can help reduce the risk of catching HPV, and therefore lower the risk of developing anal cancer. While condoms provide some protection, it's important to note that they cannot completely eliminate the risk.
- Not smoking: Quitting smoking or avoiding smoking altogether can significantly decrease the risk of developing not only anal cancer but also many other types of cancers. Smoking is a known risk factor for various cancers, so kicking the habit can have significant health benefits.
It's important to mention that if a person has known risk factors for anal cancer that they cannot change, such as age or a history of other types of cancer, it is recommended to talk with a doctor about regular screening. Screening for anal cancer may involve a digital rectal exam or cytology testing, which can help detect any abnormalities in the anus.
Remember, these actions can help reduce the risk of anal cancer, but it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.