Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer in Children
Colorectal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the colon or rectum. To diagnose colorectal cancer in children, several examinations, screening tests, and procedures are performed. These tests help confirm a diagnosis and determine the type, severity, or stage of colorectal cancer.
Specialists involved in diagnosing colorectal cancer in children may include:
- Pediatrician: A doctor who specializes in the medical care of children.
- Pediatric gastroenterologist: A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating digestive system conditions in children.
- Pediatric oncologist: A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer in children.
- Pathologist: A doctor who specializes in analyzing tissue samples to detect abnormalities, including cancer cells.
Examinations, screening tests, and procedures used to diagnose colorectal cancer in children include:
- Physical exam and health history: The doctor will examine the child's body for any signs of disease or abnormalities. They will also ask about the child's health habits, past illnesses, and treatments.
- Blood tests: Blood tests provide information about general health or signs of infection or inflammation. A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test may be performed to look for higher than normal amounts of CEA. High CEA is a sign of possible colorectal cancer or other non-cancerous conditions.
- Colonoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube-like instrument called a colonoscope through the rectum into the colon. The colonoscope has a light and a lens for viewing, as well as a tool to remove polyps or tissue samples.
- Biopsy: During a colonoscopy, a small tissue sample of the colon lining is taken for lab analysis under a microscope to look for signs of cancer. This biopsy helps make a definitive diagnosis by determining if there are cancer cells present.
- Barium enema: This test involves taking a series of x-rays of the lower gastrointestinal tract. A liquid containing barium is put into the rectum, which coats the lower gastrointestinal tract. X-rays are then taken to examine any abnormalities.
To determine the type, severity, or stage of colorectal cancer in children, additional examinations, tests, or procedures may be performed, including imaging tests. Imaging tests help determine how deeply the cancer has spread into the colon or rectum, and if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Imaging tests include:
- Computed tomography (CT) scan
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scans
The results from these examinations and tests provide valuable information about the extent and severity of colorectal cancer in children. This information helps doctors make decisions about treatment options for each individual case.
Overall, it is important to consult with a health care team specializing in pediatric gastrointestinal oncology if there are any concerns about colorectal cancer in children. They can guide you through the diagnostic process and recommend appropriate examinations and tests based on each child's specific situation.