Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the colon and/or rectum. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in these areas.
To diagnose colorectal cancer, several examinations, screening tests, and procedures are used. These tests help confirm the presence of colorectal cancer and determine its type, severity, and stage. Specialists involved in diagnosing colorectal cancer may include primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, surgeons, and oncologists.
Here are the examinations, screening tests, and procedures used to diagnose colorectal cancer:
- Physical examination: A doctor may perform a physical examination to assess the extent of the disease and check for any signs or symptoms.
- Stool DNA testing: Stool samples can be tested for blood and/or changes in DNA that can be signs of cancer. This type of test can be done at home identifies signs of colorectal cancer for which additional tests may be needed.
- Colonoscopy: This is the primary test for diagnosing colorectal cancer. During a colonoscopy, a thin tube with a camera attached (called a colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum and up into the colon. The doctor looks for polyps or abnormal areas in the colon lining. If suspicious areas are found, a biopsy may be performed.
- Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample of the colon lining during a colonoscopy. The tissue sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine if it contains cancer cells. A biopsy is needed to make a definitive diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
If colorectal cancer is diagnosed, additional tests or procedures are performed to determine stage or extent of colorectal cancer. The stage is based on the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far it has spread. The stage helps the healthcare team determine a treatment plan for the cancer. The additional tests or procedures include:
- Blood tests: Blood tests can provide information about certain markers that may indicate colorectal cancer or its progression.
- Staging tests: These tests help determine the stage of colorectal cancer by assessing how far it has spread within the body. Staging tests may include:Computed tomography (CT) scan: This test uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
- Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves are used to create images of internal organs.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's soft tissues.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: This test involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the body to help identify areas with increased metabolic activity, which may indicate cancer.
Remember that if you suspect you have colorectal cancer or have any concerning symptoms, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. They can guide you through the diagnostic process and recommend appropriate examinations and tests tailored to your specific situation.