Diagnosing Spinal Cord Tumor
A spinal cord tumor is an abnormal growth that develops on or near the spinal cord. It can disrupt the communication between the brain and the nerves throughout the body, impairing normal body functions. Spinal cord tumors can be primary (start in the spinal cord) or secondary (spread to the spinal cord from some other part of the body). Tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Specialists involved in diagnosing spinal cord tumors may include neurologists, oncologists (doctors who specialize in cancer treatment), or neuro-oncologists (doctors who specialize in treating brain and spinal cord tumors). To diagnose a spinal cord tumor, doctors use a combination of examinations, tests, and procedures. These help confirm the diagnosis and determine the type, severity, or stage of the tumor. Here's what may be done as part of the diagnosis process:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will review your medical history and ask about your symptoms. They will also perform a physical examination, including a neurological examination. This examination checks various aspects such as eye movement, reflexes, hearing, sensation, strength, balance, and coordination.
- X-Rays: X-rays of the spine may be recommended to determine the location of the tumor on the spinal cord.
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan creates a cross-sectional view of the body's tissue and structure using a computer and an X-ray camera. It can determine the location of the tumor on the spinal cord and detect associated conditions like swelling or bleeding. Sometimes a dye is injected into a vein before the scan to enhance visibility.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan: An MRI scan uses a powerful magnet, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed images of the spinal cord. It provides a clear picture of the tumor and helps determine its size, location, and characteristics. MRI scans are considered the gold standard for diagnosing brain and spinal cord tumors because they offer higher resolution and better anatomical detail compared to CT scans.
- Biopsy or Tissue Removal: If a tumor is found on diagnostic imaging studies like CT or MRI scans, doctors may recommend surgery to obtain tissue for a biopsy or removal. This allows for further examination under a microscope to determine the type of tumor.
- Genetic Testing: Genetic testing of tissue samples or blood can help diagnose specific spinal cord tumors. It helps identify genetic mutations or alterations that contribute to tumor development or progression.
Other examinations, tests, and procedures may be performed based on initial findings or individual factors. The information gathered during diagnosis helps the healthcare team plan for treatment options tailored to each individual's needs. Remember to consult your doctor for personalized advice regarding your specific situation.