Diagnosing Pediatric Brain Cancer
Brain cancer in children refers to the presence of abnormal malignant (cancerous) cell growth in the brain that forms masses or tumors. When diagnosing brain cancer in children, doctors may use a combination of examinations, tests, and procedures to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type, severity, or stage of the cancer.
Specialists Involved in diagnosing pediatric brain cancers include:
- Pediatric Oncologist: A pediatric oncologist specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer in children.
- Neurologist: A neurologist specializes in disorders related to the nervous system, including brain tumors.
Diagnosis of brain cancer in children may include:
- Physical Examination: The doctor will start by performing a physical examination on the child. They will check reflexes, balance, coordination, and may also examine the back of the eyes for signs of swelling in the brain.
- Neurological Exam: This exam assesses the child's mental and physical abilities, including muscle strength, coordination, reflexes, response to pain, and eyesight.
- Imaging Tests: These tests provide detailed images of the brain and can help identify signs of a brain tumor. Common imaging tests include:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This test uses radio waves and strong magnets to produce detailed pictures of the brain. MRI is particularly effective at detecting metastatic brain tumors.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography): This test uses x-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain.
- PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): This test involves injecting a radioactive glucose solution into the patient's vein. Cancer cells consume more glucose than normal cells, so areas with high glucose consumption may indicate the presence of cancer.
- Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a sample of the tumor to determine its type. This is considered a primary test for diagnosis and staging. A biopsy may be performed during surgery.
Additional Examinations and Tests:
- Blood Tests: Blood tests may be used to look for markers of brain tumors in the child's blood.
- Biomarker Test: This test measures specific gene mutations that may indicate certain types of brain cancers. It can help diagnose tumors, determine their type, measure tumor growth, assess treatment response, and guide personalized treatment.
Other examinations, tests and procedures may be performed based upon initial findings or individual factors. If you suspect your child may have brain cancer or any other health concerns, it is crucial to consult with a doctor who can guide you through appropriate diagnostic processes and treatment options.