About Spinal Cancer
Spinal cancer refers to the abnormal growth of cancerous cells in or around the spinal column. These malignant tumors can develop in various parts of the spine, including the vertebrae, spinal cord, and the tissue surrounding the spinal cord. It is important to note that not all spinal tumors are cancer.
Spinal tumors can be classified as either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors do not invade surrounding tissues, while malignant tumors have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Most spinal cancers are secondary, meaning they originate from cancer that has spread from another area of the body. Primary spinal cancers, meaning they originate in one of the structures of the spine, less common.
Symptoms of spinal cancer may include back pain, numbness or tingling, weakness or lack of coordination in the limbs, reduced sensitivity to pain or temperature, and bladder and bowel problems. Treatment options for spinal cancer depend on the specific cancer and factors such as tumor size, type, and location. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
Most spinal cancers are secondary, meaning they are caused by cancer that has spread from another area of the body. Cancers that may spread (metastasize) to the spine include:
- Breast cancer
- Kidney cancer
- Lung cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Leukemias
- Lymphomas
- Multiple myeloma
Cancers that originate in the spine are relatively uncommon. These include:
- Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma– These cancers start with astrocyte cells in the brain or spinal cord
- Chordoma – This is a rare bone cancer that can affect any part of the spine
- Ependymoma – This cancer develops in the lining of the spinal fluid passageways of the brain and spine
- Osteosarcoma – This is a bone cancer that may start in the spine
Common symptoms of spinal cancer include:
- Back pain: Back pain is the most common symptom of spinal cancer. It typically worsens at night and improves with activity throughout the day.
- Trouble walking: As the tumor grows and affects the nerves in the spine, it can cause difficulty walking.
- Tingling, numbness, or weakness in both legs or arms: Compression of the nerves by the tumor can lead to sensory changes and muscle weakness.
- Sensory issues: Spinal cancer can cause disruptions in sensory function, such as changes in temperature sensation or loss of sensation.
- Loss of bladder or bowel control: In advanced stages, spinal cancer can affect the nerves that control bladder and bowel function, leading to loss of control.
- Difficulty balancing: The tumor's impact on nerve function can result in problems with balance and coordination.
It's important to note that these symptoms can vary depending on the location of the tumor. If you experience any concerning symptoms, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.
To diagnose spinal cancer, doctors may perform the following examinations, tests, and procedures:
- Neurological examination: Examination to assess reflexes, sensation, strength, balance, coordination, and eye movement.
- Imaging Tests:
- X-rays of the spine: These can help locate the tumor on the spinal cord and detect associated conditions like swelling or bleeding.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan: This powerful imaging technique uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the spinal cord.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan: This imaging test creates cross-sectional views of the body's tissues and structures to identify the tumor's location and any related conditions
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: This scan uses a radioactive tracer to identify areas of cancer activity in the body.
- Bone scan: This imaging test can detect if cancer has spread to the bones
- Biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken for laboratory analysis to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
- Blood tests: These may be done to check for cancer markers or increased levels of certain nutrients associated with bone formation.
- Spinal tap (lumbar puncture): This procedure involves collecting cerebrospinal fluid from the lower back to check for cancer cells or other abnormalities.
Other examinations, tests, and procedures may be performed based on initial findings or individual factors. It's important to consult with your doctor who can recommend specific tests based on your individual situation.
Treatment goals for spinal cancer will depend on the type of cancer. They may aim to be curative, slow progression, or palliative (symptom management and relief). Treatment plans may include:
Medication:
- Pain medication: Prescribed to manage pain associated with spinal cancer.
- Chemotherapy: Administered to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
- Hormone therapy: Slows or stops the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors.
- Targeted therapy: Targets specific genes, proteins, or tissue environments involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy: Enhances the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.
Therapies:
- Radiation therapy: Delivers targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells and relieve symptoms.
- Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT): Minimally invasive approach to treat metastatic spine tumors.
- Physical therapy: Helps maintain mobility and function.
- Palliative care: Focuses on symptom management, emotional support, and improving quality of life.
- Emotional support: Counseling or support groups can provide psychological support.
Therapeutic procedures:
- Surgery: Removes tumors or relieves pressure on the spinal cord.
Health behavior changes:
- Exercise and nutrition: Promotes overall well-being and strength.
Other treatments:
- Separation surgery followed by radiation therapy: Provides local tumor control and symptom relief.
Remember, treatment plans are individualized, so consult with your healthcare professional for personalized advice. Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your health care professional about dosing for your individual situation. Other side effects can occur. Check with your health care professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.