Diagnosing Chordoma

Overview

Chordoma is a rare type of cancerous bone tumor. Specialists who may be involved in diagnosing chordoma include oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons. To diagnose chordoma, several examinations, screening tests, and procedures are typically conducted. These may include:

• Physical exam: A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam to check for any lumps or abnormalities, especially along the spinal column. They will also assess general signs of health and inquire about the patient's medical history.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests play a crucial role in diagnosing chordoma. The following tests are commonly used:
  • X-ray: This procedure uses radiation to create detailed pictures of the body. X-rays can help identify any abnormalities or tumors in the spine.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's structures. It helps determine the location of a chordoma and whether it has invaded surrounding tissues.
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan provides additional information about whether a tumor has spread. It uses x-rays and a computer to generate cross-sectional images of the body.
• Biopsy: A biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of chordoma. There are two types of biopsies:
  • Needle Aspiration: In this procedure, a hollow needle is inserted into the suspected cancerous area to extract tissue for analysis in a lab. It is commonly done when the lump is close to the skin's surface and does not require surgery.
  • Surgical Biopsy: If the tumor is difficult to reach with a needle or not close to the skin's surface, a surgical biopsy may be performed. During this procedure, a doctor cuts open the suspected cancerous area and removes tissue for analysis.
• Laboratory tests: Lab tests may be ordered by healthcare providers to analyze blood, urine, or body tissues. These tests can provide valuable information about the disease and help in diagnosing specific types of chordoma.
• Clinical procedures: Depending on the symptoms and specific body system being evaluated, various clinical procedures may be recommended. These can include vision or hearing tests, neurologic tests or other specialized assessments that provide further insights into the extent or severity of chordoma.

The information gathered will help determine the stage of chordoma, which is based on whether cancer cells have spread within the spine or to other parts of the body. Staging may be used to plan treatment.

It's important to follow up with your healthcare provider if any symptoms worsen or change after a physical exam or any other tests. They will guide you through the diagnostic process and provide appropriate care based on your individual situation.