Obesity and Cancer
Obesity has been shown to cause or increase the risk of cancer. People with obesity have an increased risk of at least 13 types of cancer. These cancers include breast, colorectal, esophageal, kidney, gallbladder, uterine, pancreatic, thyroid, and liver cancer. In fact, about 40% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States each year are linked to being overweight or having obesity. It's important to note that obesity not only increases the risk of developing cancer but also increases the risk of dying from cancer.
The exact mechanisms by which obesity increases cancer risk are still being studied, but there are several factors involved:
- Obesity increases the production of hormones that certain cancers use to fuel their growth. At the same time, it decreases the production of other molecules that can keep these hormones in check. This hormonal imbalance can contribute to the development and progression of hormone-driven cancers.
- Obesity also leads to chronic inflammation in the body, which can cause chronic stress in cells and damage to DNA. This happens because fat cells, especially those around the belly, release chemicals that cause inflammation. This damage to DNA can elevate the risk of cancer development.
- Excess body fat can contribute to higher levels of growth factors in the body, including insulin-like growth factor and others that encourage cells to grow. This can encourage cells to divide faster and increase the risk of certain types of cancer.
- Obesity can lead to increased oxidative stress, which means there are more harmful molecules (free radicals) in the body that can damage cells. Oxidative stress can harm DNA, making cells more likely to become cancerous. This plays a role in cancers like kidney and liver cancer.
- Obesity can weaken the body's immune system, making it harder to fight off diseases, including cancer. With a weakened immune system, the body may not be able to eliminate harmful cells as effectively, leading to an increased cancer risk.
While there aren't specific symptoms of cancer caused by obesity, it's important to be aware of general cancer symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, pain, changes in the skin or moles, persistent cough or hoarseness, and abnormal bleeding.
Reducing the risk of cancer from obesity involves making lifestyle changes. These changes include maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on weight management and reducing cancer risk.
In some cases, weight reduction surgery may be recommended for individuals with obesity who have already been diagnosed with cancer. However, this is a decision that should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.
Overall, taking steps to maintain a healthy weight and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of cancer associated with obesity. Remember to always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance on managing your weight and reducing your risk of cancer.