About Joint Hypermobility Syndrome
Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a condition where joints can move beyond their normal range of movement. The cause of JHS is related to heritable changes in proteins that affect the stability of joint capsules, ligaments, and tendons. This leads to laxity in the connective tissue, allowing joints to stretch more easily. Some individuals may have genetic changes in collagen fibers, which are the main component of tendons and ligaments.
Risk factors for JHS include:
- Family history: JHS tends to run in families, so having family members with this condition increases the likelihood of developing it.
- Connective tissue disorders: Having a connective tissue disorder such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can increase the risk of JHS.
It is important to note that while these risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing JHS, they do not guarantee its occurrence. If you suspect you have JHS or have concerns about your joint hypermobility, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is characterized by unusually mobile joints. The symptoms of JHS can vary depending on the stage, progression, or severity of the condition. Here are the common symptoms associated with JHS:
Early Symptoms:
- Joint hypermobility: Increased joint mobility beyond the typical range.
- Joint stiffness: Stiffness in the affected joints, especially after physical activity or at the end of the day.
- Joint pain: Mild to moderate pain in the affected joints.
- Muscle stiffness: Stiffness in the muscles around the affected joints.
Later Stages/Progression/Higher Severity Symptoms:
- Chronic pain: Persistent and widespread joint and muscle pain.
- Joint instability: Increased risk of joint dislocations or subluxations.
- Balance problems: Difficulties with balance and coordination.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or exhausted due to ongoing pain and discomfort.
- Skin issues: Bruising easily or having fragile skin.
It's important to note that not everyone with JHS experiences all of these symptoms, and the severity can vary from person to person. If you suspect you have JHS or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies.
To diagnose joint hypermobility syndrome, healthcare providers commonly perform the following examinations, tests, and procedures:
- Medical history: Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and family history to gather important information.
- Physical exam: The healthcare provider will assess your joints for hypermobility and check for signs of pain or swelling.
- Blood tests: These tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
- Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, myelograms, bone scans, or ultrasound scans may be used to visualize the presence and extent of joint damage.
- Joint aspiration: This procedure involves injecting medication into the affected joint to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. If pain relief occurs after the injection, it suggests that the joint is the source of the problem.
Other examinations, tests or procedures may be performed based on initial findings or individual factors. Remember, these are general information and individual cases may vary. It's important to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance regarding examinations, tests, and procedures for diagnosing and assessing JHS.
The goals of treatment for joint hypermobility syndrome are to relieve symptoms, manage pain, and strengthen the affected joints. Here are potential treatment options and how they work to achieve these goals:
Medication types:
- Prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers: These medications can help alleviate joint pain associated with JHS. They work by reducing inflammation and blocking pain signals. However, it's important to consult with your doctor before starting any medication.
Therapies:
- Physical therapy: This involves exercises and techniques to strengthen the muscles around the joints, improve stability, and enhance joint function. Physical therapy helps reduce pain, increase joint stability, and improve overall mobility.
- TENS units: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) units deliver low-level electrical currents to the affected area, which can help relieve pain by interfering with pain signals.
Self-care and Health behavior changes:
- Heat therapy: Applying heat to the affected joints can help relax muscles, reduce stiffness, and alleviate pain.
- Stress management techniques: Managing stress levels through techniques like relaxation exercises or mindfulness can help reduce muscle tension and pain associated with JHS.
- Supportive and assistive devices: Using braces or splints can provide additional support to hypermobile joints and reduce the risk of injury.
- Strength-building exercises: Engaging in regular strength-building exercises helps protect the bones, improve muscle strength, and stabilize the joints.
- Supplements: Taking supplements like vitamin D and calcium may be recommended to prevent osteoporosis, a condition that can be more common in individuals with JHS.
It's important to note that treatment for JHS focuses on managing symptoms rather than curing the underlying condition. Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential to develop an individualized treatment plan. Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your health care professional about dosing for your individual situation. Side effects can occur. Check with your health care professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.