About Kyphosis (Hunchback or Round Back)
The underlying causes of kyphosis may include:
- Weakened back muscles, particularly the spinal extensors, which are associated with increased kyphosis angle in older women.
- Lower input from the senses like vision, touch, and awareness of surrounding space, which can impact posture and positioning of the head or neck.
- Developmental conditions like congenital kyphosis, where the spine doesn't develop properly before birth or during a growth spurt.
- Scheuermann's kyphosis, where the spine bones are more triangle-shaped instead of rectangular-shaped, causing increased curve in the spine.
- Cancer of the spine can weaken the vertebrae and contribute to kyphosis, and cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can have a similar effect.
The non-modifiable risk factors are factors that cannot be controlled to reduce the risk of developing a condition. For kyphosis, nonmodifiable risk factors include:
- Increasing age
- Genetic predispositions, including a positive family history of kyphosis or related conditions
- Previous history of spinal fractures or injuries
- Congenital abnormalities (conditions that occur during the development of an unborn child)
The modifiable risk factors are factors that can be controlled to reduce the risk of developing a condition. For kyphosis, modifiable risk factors include:
- Poor posture habits, such as slouching or hunching
- Lack of physical activities
- Carrying heavy loads on the back
- Weak back muscles
- Underlying bone or spinal conditions like degenerative disk disease or osteoporosis
- Decreased mobility and muscle strength associated with aging
It's important to note that while some risk factors can be modified through lifestyle changes, it's always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
The most common early symptoms of kyphosis include:
- Rounded shoulders
- Difference in shoulder height
- Visible hump on the back
- Pain or stiffness in the back and shoulders
- Fatigue
- Tight hamstrings (muscles in the back of the thigh)
As kyphosis progresses or becomes more severe, additional symptoms may occur, such as:
- Disfigurement
- Back pain
- Trouble breathing
- Weakness or paralysis
- Decreased appetite
- Neurological issues
- Heart issues
In some cases, kyphosis can affect other organs like the lungs, nerves, and digestive tract. It's important to note that these symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity of the spinal curve. If you experience any of these symptoms or are concerned about kyphosis, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
To diagnose kyphosis, the following examinations, tests, and procedures are commonly performed:
- Physical examination: Your doctor will assess your balance, range of motion, and examine your back. They may also ask you to perform exercises or stretches.
- X-ray: This imaging test helps determine the amount of curvature in your spine.
- CT scan or MRI: These tests provide more detailed images of your spine if needed.
To determine the stage or severity of kyphosis, additional examinations, tests, and procedures may be performed
- Assessing flexibility: Your doctor may ask you to lie down to see if your spine straightens out. If it does, it suggests postural kyphosis.
- Blood test: In more severe cases, a blood test may be ordered to evaluate any underlying conditions.
- Lung function test: This test helps assess if kyphosis is affecting your lung function.
It's important to follow up with your healthcare provider if any symptoms worsen or change after the physical exam. They may recommend further tests or procedures based on your specific situation. Remember to consult with your healthcare professional for personalized advice.
The goals of treatment for kyphosis are to manage symptoms, prevent further progression of the spinal curvature, and improve an individual's overall quality of life. Here are the different treatment approaches and how they work towards achieving these goals:
- Observation and monitoring: For mild cases of kyphosis without significant issues or limitations, periodic checkups and imaging tests are recommended to track the condition's progression. Doctors intervene if necessary.
- Physical therapy and exercise: Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing kyphosis. It involves individualized treatment plans and guidance on maintaining proper body mechanics. Exercises and stretches can help improve posture, strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, and increase flexibility.
- Bracing: Individuals with moderate kyphosis or those still growing may benefit from wearing custom-fitted orthopedic braces. Braces can help slow or prevent the progression of the spinal curvature.
- Medication: There are no specific medications for kyphosis itself. However, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce any pain caused by kyphosis.
- Surgical intervention: Severe cases of kyphosis that significantly affect daily functioning and cause pain may require surgery. The aim of surgery is to reduce the curve of the spine and alleviate associated symptoms. Spinal fusion, inserting rods, metal screws, or plates into the spine are common surgical procedures.
It's important to note that medication types, therapies, therapeutic procedures, health behavior changes, or other treatments may vary depending on the underlying cause of kyphosis. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
Medication dosing may be affected by many factors. Check with your health care professional about dosing for your individual situation. Other side effects can occur. Check with your health care professional or read the information provided with your medication for additional side effect information.